!I'll try editing a previous post and see if it reads like a journal instead of creating a new thread every update.I just got my PSA results and the numbers are still trending in the right direction. In order to give treatment for each patient with utmost security we would like to announce that currently there will be no visitors allowed.Please note that only one attendant per in-patients is permitted. information. I was on active surveillance after a FLA procedure done in 2018. They did another 3T-MPMRI (Siemens machine) and it showed a faint area, near the margin, and very close to the down stream sphincter of prostate. 2018 May;115:133-138. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2018.01.048. Ask your PCP to refer you to several different types of treating doctors before making a treatment decision. You May Like: Sbrt Radiation Therapy Prostate Cancer. Other labs for second . Value of Second Opinion in Prostate Cancer Uncertain, Says Hopkins Study. For this study, published in the journal Cancer, 2386 men in the greater Philadelphia area, who were diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2012 and 2014, responded to survey questions. This may include imaging, blood tests, prior treatment, and pathology reports. They confirm everything except question whether one of the core samples is a 3+3 or 3+ 4. Primary Gleason grade: 3 I have selected Focal Laser Ablation as my future (soon) treatment. - Follow-Up Score (PRECISE) for this lesion = Stable MRI appearance: no new focal/diffuse lesions. Peripheral Zone: The peripheral zone is of normal homogeneous prolonged T2 and there are no suspicious focal areas of These results, if validated in other studies, justify additional investigation on how second opinions can contribute to increasing the value of cancer care, the authors concluded. Details are here: Read books and realize as soon as they are published, they are outdated. With The Clinic by Cleveland Clinic, patients have access to Cleveland Clinics 3500 specialists. Similarly, among those who received definitive treatment, second opinions were not associated with receiving surgery. If these do not work, your symptoms could progress and become chronic. A report with the diagnosis will be faxed to your doctor. Allow yourself the time to seek multiple opinions. I was never under the misconception that I'd never have to do something, but I was going to wait until I needed to do something. Watch: Are supplements good for prostate health? Make an appointment: 410-955-5222 Coordinating with your Treating Physician At the Breast Cancer Program at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center in Baltimore, MD, a second opinion requires only that you or your doctor send us your pathology slides, key medical records and signed paperwork requesting the opinion. Race and ethnicity. If you choose to be treated at Johns Hopkins, you may be able to begin treatment immediately. If the problem is unresponsive to other treatments, your doctor may suggest a surgical procedure. Prostate, right lateral apex: It has been 2.5 years and the PSA has still not doubled as well. Centro Diagnostico Italiano , Milan, Italy, Manfred Dietel, M.D.Institute of Pathology Charit, Humboldt University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany, Jonathan I. Epstein, M.D.The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, Robert J. Kurman, M.D.The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, Elizabeth Montgomery, M.D.The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, Manuel Sobrinho-Simes, M.D.University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, Ronald S. Weinstein, M.D.University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ, Franco VisinoniMilestone Medical Technologies, Bergamo, Italy, Also Check: How Old Can You Be To Get Prostate Cancer. It is OK to be scared. When you review your pathology report and are going to be making important decisions, like treatment decisions, which will be based on the information from the pathology report. An accurate diagnosis is essential to ensure the most effective treatment. Our OB-GYNs, maternal-fetal medicine specialists, and pediatricians collaborate regularly with the Johns Hopkins team getting second opinions and access to hundreds of clinical trials. Benign fibromuscular stroma; no prostatic glands are identified I had two no-risk, non-invasive tests: a Free PSA with an adverse score of 9% and a PCA3 test with a disappointing 41. In the United States, studies estimate 72 new cases of PN for every 100,000 people between the ages of 18 and 64 years old. Get a Second Opinion These results, if validated in other studies, justify additional investigation on how second opinions can contribute to increasing the value of cancer care, the authors concluded. Masks are required inside all of our care facilities. I am relatively new to this forum and trying to educate myself as to my best course of treatment. We experienced information overload and decision/analysis paralysis. I met with the radiologist 3/17 and he leans toward an IMRT radiation regimen of 5 or 20 sessions TBD combined with ADT (6-month shot but maybe 4 months was enough). Low volume post-void residual urine is present in the bladder. 2015 Feb;115(2):188-97. doi: 10.1111/bju.12665. MRI RE-READ #1 (well known radiologist, but free advice over phone, but no written report): Prostate, left lateral apex: I'm leaning towards SBRT. * PIRADS v2 Score: 5 2 cores from left base of 3+4=7 with only 5% involvement. Shore ND, Karsh L, Gomella LG, Keane TE, Concepcion RS, Crawford ED. Also, a second opinion provides the opportunity to get information from someone other than the physician who will be directing treatment, which is usually the main source of information for most patients. A enlarged prostate can also cause blockages in the urethra. Even at the age of 48, he thought I would be a good candidate for AS. You May Like: Prostate Radiation Treatment Side Effects. PCPs can be a great help to navigate the medical marketplace and provide an unbiased voice of reason when it comes to making hard choices. I've tried to find out about Dr. Wong but there's very little info on him. Hi JM "Numerous publications show the clinical and economic benefits of obtaining a second opinion for Pathology specimens. When I was diagnosed I really thought that I will live only 2 years. He said that he saw what JHs was referring to but did not determine EPE for a variety of reasons. You may be concerned that the cancer will grow rapidly out of control before you are able to get a second opinion. Some of the more common treatments that you and your doctor may discuss include: Prostate cancer experts at the Brady Urological Institute have created tools that help patients and doctors across the world assess risk and make treatment decisions. This approach helps to decrease side effects that can affect a patients quality of life, such as erectile dysfunction, incontinence or other urinary-tract symptoms. Olver I, Carey M, Bryant J, Boyes A, Evans T, Sanson-Fisher R. BMC Palliat Care. He has had a nagging "groin injury" for may years (he played pick up basket ball until he got injured) and we are now wondering if this could be the source of that recurring ache. Prostate Cancer Grading: An increase of 1.1 in 3 months is not good news. Would you like email updates of new search results? This approach helps to decrease side effects that can affect a patients quality of life, such as erectile dysfunction, incontinence or other urinary-tract symptoms. -------------------------------------------------------- As some of you may know, I am a moderator for a support group for men on active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer. This may cause a conflict of interest between the patient and the HMO, especially if very expensive treatment is only available outside the HMO system. Our OB-GYNs, maternal-fetal medicine specialists, and pediatricians collaborate regularly with the Johns Hopkins team getting second opinions and access to hundreds of clinical trials. * IF ANYONE reading this doesn't believe in the value of MRI first and targeted biopsy next then take note that my systematic biopsy cores showed 0 positive in 8 cores and my MRI guided core samples were 6 for 6 being positive! desired outcome. focal peripheral zone lesions. doi: 10.1002/cncr.30412. )As for side effectsI occasionally have some urgency/hesitancy having to pee. Maybe lycopene and pomegranate have helped. If they have an enlarged colon, their physician can perform a TURP procedure. Good pathology readings require experience and a high level of expertise. I recently sent my Pathology Slides to Dr. Epstein for a Second Review. Obtaining a second opinion in Pathology can in a small percent of cases lead to a complete change in diagnosis in a wide range of conditions including non-cancerous growths, inflammatory disorders, infections, and cancer. A doctor may prescribe surgery or perform an endoscopic procedure. Now, though, encouraging animal data and preliminary studies in human patients are making some doctors feel optimistic. The percentage of tissue with carcinoma is 70% Forty percent of the men obtained a second opinion from urologists, most often because they wanted more information about their cancer or wanted to be seen by the best doctor . * Perineural Invasion detected We can help with your case. Prostate dimensions: 4.1 x 2.8 x 3.4 cm Here are seven tips for seeking second opinions for prostate cancer: Before getting a second opinion, its important to know your stage of prostate cancer. advising or treating it. It is OK to be overwhelmed with info. Usually, patients obtain a second opinion after being referred to a second physician or to a special team of experts in a cancer center, called a multidisciplinary team. A second opinion can accomplish a number of things. I also had my PTEN test by META-MARK ( I don't have much to say about how I was treated by MM, but I won't be using their services again). Getting a Second Opinion The best time to seek a second opinion is before you start treatment. I will say, the people I dealt with at Johns Hopkins were extremely nice and professional. ADC: mean 879 / median 839 / st dev 223 First let me just say what so many others have previously stated, the thought of going on this journey alone is frightening, I cant imagine traveling this road alone. We surveyed men who were diagnosed with localized prostate cancer in the greater Philadelphia area from 2012 to 2014. One of the bits of advice the group regularly dispenses is for men to get a second and even a third opinion if you have doubts about the first opinions rendered by your urologist, or your pathologist, or your radiologist, its always okay to seek out a second opinion. Second Opinions An accurate diagnosis is essential to ensure that the correct and most effective treatment is given. Dr. Jonathan Epstein of Johns Hopkins University Hospital. He adds that second opinions also can provide insight into topics like clinical genetics and family risk or issues related to complementary or integrative medicine approaches to manage symptoms. Our singular focus on treating cancer, and only cancer, means we have the expertise to confirm a diagnosis or treatment plan and offer options that may not have been considered. FOIA Therefore, the value of these second opinions remains unknown. Are you sure you want to block this member? Three lesions: 1) GS 6 involving 30% of one core; 2) GS 6 involving less than 5% in one core; and 3) GS 6 involving less than 5% in another core. A week later had catheter removed and had no bladder leakage problems. Dr. Nour - Emory in Atlanta. Their MRI was more sensitive and found there were actually 2 lesions close together that looked like one on the prior MRIs. Below is the link with instructions and the authorization form for you to use with your doctor. I assume the data on gleason scoring is much more robust/reliable than genomics as it has been around longer and used more extensively. Would it be rational to stay on AS until biopsy results show a higher volume of PCa for sampled cores (i.e. Call us with any questions: 410-955-2405, ext. With no travel needed and no red tape, its easy to get a second opinion, all from the comfort of your home. The problem is that all 3 pathologies noted an intraductal component. However, a new study by researchers at the Johns Hopkins University has found that second opinions did not change treatment choice or the persons perception of the quality of care they receive, at least among low-risk men. Also Check: Prostate Cancer Stage 7 Treatment. There are also some cases of the test showing no depletion but being wrong. The biopsy took 12 cores, two from each lesion area and 8 randomly. His reasoning over the last couple of years is that the suspected lesion was not changing in size at all. MONDAY, Nov. 7, 2016 Second opinions have little impact on prostate cancer patients treatment decisions, new research suggests. Tumor Quantifications: I assume it is not free. Patient-initiated second medical consultations-patient characteristics and motivating factors, impact on care and satisfaction: a systematic review. I have had a CT of the pelvic area - negative and a whole body bone scan - negative. - Prostatic adenocarcinoma, Gleason score 3+4=7 (grade group 2, pattern 4: 5%) involving 2 of 2 cores (combined: 10.5 mm, 40%), 0.2 mm to the blue inked tissue edge Request an Appointment 410-955-6100 This teamwork ensures the best possible patient outcomes. Potentially inaccurate results can lead to selection of the wrong type of therapy. Johns Hopkins said I have options of adjuvant radiation approach up to 3-4months or wait to see if there are two successive rises in PSA and then do "salvage" approach. Epub 2010 Oct 20. But, ultimately decided on whole gland treatment using Proton Beam Radiation.So. Let me know what everyone thinks if you see anything interesting or of note here or just have some advice. I guess the PET scan will be the next step in what type of treatment options are in store.Has this occurred to anyone else? not hear all the viable treatment options or receive the most up to date I had the slides reviewed at Johns Hopkins and 1 of the HG PIN cores was changed to suspicious for adenocarcinoma while another HG PIN core was changed to benign. But in the spirit of disclosure for those of you with BPH a TURP can complicate a future Radical Prostatectomy (or possibly Cryo) and increase the risk of side effect risks. MRI obtained outsideon 04/16/2021. __________________________________________________________________________July 2022I've neglected to make journal entries for a couple years, so I will recap below and continue with what I have done and what I have learned.In 2018, at the age of 48, after a routine physical that showed a PSA of (4.X) and after a TRUS biopsy, I was diagnosed with PCa. My biopsy report does not mention a GS and the second opinion from Johns Hopkins did not list a GS either. We will then prepare a written recommendation regarding your treatment plans or options. There is no evidence The Radiation Oncologist knew of Dr Busch (by now in Alpharetta, GA) and spoke highly of him. Get directions, important phone numbers, locations and more. Other Features: 5. Comments appreciated, P/ 310-827-7707 | F/ 310-574-4002 | MAIL@PROSTATEONCOLOGY.COM. It was easy. He was right. I am 58 and in very good health otherwise. Men who sought second opinions because they were dissatisfied with their initial urologist were less likely to receive definitive treatment (odds ratio, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.32-0.73), and men who wanted more information about treatment were less likely to report excellent quality of cancer care (odds ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.49-0.99) compared with men who did not receive a second opinion. 6: Prostate, left medial base MM, Much to my dismay my 4th targeted biopsy Oct 12 revealed 5% G4 (upgraded from Grade Group 1 to 2 (Gleason 3+4 intermediate/favorable). We provide second opinions on the full range of gynecologic cancers: Ovarian Uterine Cervical Vulvar Vaginal Fallopian tube Placental tumors Some peritoneal cancers In order to receive appropriate treatment, patients must understand the treatment options that are available. Out of 12 cores, 9 are positive. There are also many reasons why you may want to seek another opinion during the course of your cancer care. The linear amount of tissue with carcinoma is 23 mm Overall, obtaining second opinions was not associated with definitive treatment or perceived quality of cancer care. Following application of the relevant exclusion criteria, 2365 respondents remained in the analytical cohort. Do I need a third opinion? I talked with Dr. Epstein who expressed Johns Hopkins' conservative views to not underestimate GS 6 and to consider surgery and/or radiation that have been used successfully for many years in saving lives. I retested in January 2019 and scored 4.20. Our gynecologic pathology team can also help determine if the tumor is localized or has metastasized from another region of the body. I was diagnosed with a 3T MP MRI and a 3T MP MRI guided 4 core biopsy. My family physician for years told me that small increases PSA was common so when it went over 4 it didnt bother me and my Dr who was retiring, didnt say anything either. - High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) My question is regarding the results of an MRI guided biopsy into a distinct tumor vs. subsequent Oncotype Dx Results. Though, for the most part the reports seem encouraging.I am curious if anyone has had something similar. I am meeting with a multidisciplinary team of docs on March 18 at St. Joe's in Atlanta. A second opinion is a review of the cancer diagnosis and the treatment recommendations of the physician who is treating the cancer by another, independent physician. It is not uncommon that two different pathologists looking at the same slide come to a different interpretation and opinion about what is in their microscope! !I've pasted a previous update below for background.I just got my PSA results and the numbers are still trending in the right direction. So, I made an appointment at Emory Proton Center (Atlanta, GA) and got their opinion. Anyhow, as for treatment, yesterday I met with a Dr. William Wong at Mayo Phoenix. What is NOT OK is quitting or avoiding the bad news, or handing the entire decision over to someone else.Good luck fellas! Dr also stated he was able to totally spare one of my nerves, but to get margin may have damaged one. He basically said it was possible, but that he did not agree. For cancers that are less common, second opinions can offer more treatment options. The urologist offered surgery and radiation as options on 3/10 when we met. Last year, Epstein's lab reviewed the pathology reports of 30,000 cases in which patients requested second opinions. Last checkup (July 2022) my PSA was .46 and it is currently at .32.I am still eating primarily a plant based diet (only lean meats/cheeses/eggs about 10% of my diet) and maintaining steady weight and I am still quite active physically.As for symptomswith 5mg Daily Cialis the occasional ED symptoms have pretty much gone away. Read Also: What Are The Signs Of Prostate Infection. I had a very bad experience with an incompetent nurse that did a catheter change. Second Opinion Results, Johns Hopkins biopsy reading of 2 slides sent by Sloan: They seem to think it'll do the trick.I feel great and I am glad I chose this treatment path. We are vaccinating all eligible patients. John. My only concerned was heavy metal poisoning and didn't know how long AS would be beneficial since I was starting at a young age. Anyway, would appreciate knowing how to contact Johns Hopkins. This sounds to me like they're not familiar with the Oncotype DX test and makes me wonder how common is the test. Thanks, BigD. World J Urol. I'm 58 yrs old and had a TRUS random biopsy October 2020 after my PSA continually stayed between 4.4 and 8, and PHI score was 126. What are your opinions of what that is, and where to get it? Patients are often under the mistaken notion that they have to pick between their oncologist and MSK, but thats often not the case, Dr. Matasar explains. Good Morning Brothers- It hasn't let me down. For these reasons and others, it is advantageous to seek more than one opinion about how your cancer can be treated. And by FAA Aeromedical Ruling, I'd need a few post procedure reports before being cleared to fly again.) If pain is present, a digital rectal examination will reveal hard areas. (I must say that those low numbers concern me a bit.) Avoiding obsolescence in advanced prostate cancer management: a guide for urologists. A second opinion can help you make an informed, confident decision about your medical care. Jonathan Epstein, M.D. Im also wondering why no one has scheduled me for MRI to see what biopsy missed. It starts many years ago. I have searched the country for intervential radiologist that perform FLA on the prostate. MRI RE-READ #3 (National Cancer Center of Excellence): * Sloan only sent partial cores, slides 1 and 4. At a rectal exam 6/20 the urologist told me my prostate felt normal, not enlarged, nor did he feel any tumors. The other samples produced 4 more positive cancer cores for a total of 7 of 12 positives. I appreciate any comments or insight that anyone wants to share. The majority had lower risk tumors and clinical staging of 1 40% sought second opinions with about half having more than one reason Men seeking second opinions tended to be younger and better educated citing the need for more information as their reason. I frequently make a 2 hour car ride and I have to stop about 25% of the time and when I don't, the urgency is a bit more evident and with the urgency come some hesitancy, but not terrible. Second opinions apply to biopsies and imaging as well. Left mid-base transition zone (PIRADS 5). Results: The average age at the time of prostate cancer diagnosis is about 66. This puts PCPs in a unique position to impact the treatment decisionif they only refer to urologists and not to radiation oncologists or medical oncologistssurgery is a likely treatment outcome. She put me in the hospital. In unadjusted analyses, younger men , men with college-level education , and privately insured men and Medicare ) were more likely to obtain second opinions . Of course, my old school Urologist recommended surgeryHe, of course, knew the best robotic surgeons around.Anyway. In general, a second opinion is a good option for people who have recently received a cancer diagnosis but have not started treatment, as well as for people who have already completed chemotherapy or radiation treatment. I was offered to have my first biopsy sent to Johns Hopkins for second opinion and said why not? which came back with Gleason 9 three weeks after having the what we thought was G-7 ablated. In severe cases, a catheter may be required to relieve the symptoms. You This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Disclaimer. Surprisingly, while one in nine men will get diagnosed with prostate cancer in their lifetime1, there are very few doctors who specialize exclusively in treating prostate cancer. Dont Miss: New Treatments For Stage 4 Prostate Cancer. Second opinions from urologists for prostate cancer: who gets them, why, and their link to treatment . Had my PSA remained static I'd have remained on AS and had I grown a Target Lesion I'd have sought focal treatment.This science is emerging and only getting better. It is OK to be overwhelmed with info. If they have an enlarged colon, their physician can perform a TURP procedure. Thanks for Everyone's Help, Radhakrishnan A, Grande D, Mitra N, Bekelman J, Stillson C, Pollack CE. When you get a diagnosis of breast cancer from your doctor, its not uncommon to get a second opinion. I'm trying to figure out why the PSA keeps rising. 1st opinion. Dr. Albert Chang at UCLA appears to be the best in the biz for high dose rate (HDR) focal brachytherapy. Prostate, right lateral base: Family history of prostate cancer. So I initially thought this makes me a good candidate for AS. He also said perinueral invasion, but not extracapsular extension. Getting a second opinion can sometimes lead to a complete change in diagnosis (such as cancerous to benign or vice versa) in non-cancerous growths, inflammatory disorders, infections, cancer and other conditions. He wants me to begin the ADT around 5/1. Younger men also sought the 'best' doctor. So the pathologist suggested a second opinion. - Perineural invasion is present Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. E. Prostate, left mid, core biopsy: Metastatic disease considered less likely for this pattern. If youve received a new cancer diagnosis or arent seeing results from your current treatment plan, an expert second opinion can help you move forward with confidence. Notice of Privacy Practices(Patients & Health Plan Members). And in some cases, the information you gain during a second opinion consultation can even change your diagnosis. Anything I am overlooking or need to add to my list of considerations? My PSA went up from 3.5 post FLA (It was 7.2 pre-procedure) to 6.7 in 2021, so I went to another radiologist to do an MRI guided biopsy of the suspected area that was near the prior ablation zone. Men often seek second opinions from urologists before they initiate treatment for their newly diagnosed prostate cancer. Assessment categories for this lesion: Conflicting Prostate Biopsy OpinionsWhat to Do? undefined will no longer be visible to you including posts, replies, and photos. G. Prostate, lesion #1, core biopsy: I was on disability from work the entire time (not that I was disabled, but as a pilot, I couldn't very well work and get treatment at the same time. 2. The presence of any G4 has been my trigger to seek treatment. Of these, 40% obtained second opinions, most commonly because they wanted more information about their cancer (50.8%) and wanted to be seen by the best doctor (46.3%). 1. And it is OK to have paralysis by over-analysis. Associated fees may be incurred up to $1,800 in a minority of more complicated cases requiring special studies. If its a common cancer with a well-established standard of care, they can offer insight into clinical trials or novel treatments that may be better than the standard. A enlarged prostate can also cause blockages in the urethra. It is OK to not understand all the terminology. 2021 Sep 24;11(9):e044033. But I've had trouble getting Dr. Chang's office to provide any patient referrals. Receiving a second opinion was not associated with perceived quality of prostate cancer care. Does this also include HIFU, Cryoablation? After a little experimenting I have been able to achieve a partial erection. I worked out every day. In the United States, prostate cancer is among the most common cancers found in men. Contact us or find a patient care location. Lesion 1: Left mid-base transition zone. Us Too Prostate is a great club and many of you have helped me a lot already. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine published a study in 2017 that found that many patients do not get a second opinion outside of their PCPs original referral2. If you are diagnosed with a urologic cancer, including but not limited to the prostate, bladder, kidney, and testicular or urinary tract, its important to consider a second opinion. 9. Surgeon wants next PSA in 3 months. As I said, I am 58, so I would really like to preserve my quality of life for as long as possible, but the genomics report has me concerned. The purpose of starting this discussion is to gather peoples thoughts and opinions and actual experiences with Prostate Focal Laser Ablation. We have a consult on Friday with the 1st opinion doc to review all tests. Due to the spread of the Coronavirus worldwide and the first confirmed case of the Coronavirus disease in Turkey, the executive team of the Anadolu Medical Center has taken preventive measures to protect the patients and their relatives. I was to follow up with my new Urologist (another surgeon) for 3 months PSA checks and annual 3T-MPMRI.My PSA checks were static and the next year's MRI looked just like the first. Read books and realize as soon as they are published, they are outdated. They also determined there was extrapostatic extension because there was some fat in the sample that involved the cancer. -------------------------------------------------------- Have you heard of PRECISE follow up score for an MRI? Symptoms include leaking and discomfort. So the pathologist suggested a second opinion. In the rare chance a baby needs highly specialized care, the team at Johns Hopkins is available to treat rare and complex conditions through breakthrough fetal procedures. They told me to expect a spike in my PSA sometime in the future, and they told me that studies are showing that a slow, steady decline in PSA is often indicative of superior results (whatever that means. 4. Im currently 67 years old. I was to follow up with my new Urologist (another surgeon) for 3 months PSA checks and annual 3T-MPMRI.My PSA checks were static and the next year's MRI looked just like the first. I made the appointments. As a Gleason 3 + 3, with 8 of 12 positive cores all with less than 30% cancer, and bilateral spread, I have determined that I cannot trust a blind biopsy in and of itself. Now the oncologist wants to perform a PSMA Pet Scan. I didn't study for the test and it's possible some morning activities might have affected my test score :) To schedule an in-person visit for a second opinion or to determine if a telemedicine consultation is possible, call: In addition to cancer, our urologic team provides second opinions regarding urinary stone disease, urinary tract reconstruction, incontinence, male infertility and sexual health, and many other urologic conditions or procedures. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.28320. In severe cases, a catheter may be required to relieve the symptoms. Learn more through his bio: Progress in the field.In recent years, advancements in research have changed the way cancer is treated.
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